I've been working on the paw design in fits and starts. It seems to be my fate to come up with ideas for super cool improvements just before I think I'm done. And then I write a blog post about them. So, here goes!

Here we have paws from two previous blog posts, the one on the left being loosely stuffed with Polyfil and the one on the right being supported by an internal foam structure. In this current blog post I'll talk about a new idea I had for this support.

Above, one of the feet I've made since those previous two posts. The reason for making yet another paw was to try out the pattern reduced by 4%, as that would allow me to get the majority of pattern pieces on one sheet of 8" x 11" paper, making it easier for others to download them and print them out. This new paw looks fine at this size. I also used the internal foam structure described in this post to give it shape.

However this method began to present some challenges. One, I had a difficult time gluing the foam and the fabric together neatly, causing the fabric to bunch in places. (Check out that wrinkle on the top of that outer finger in the left hand photo.)  Two, as the thickness of the foam built up inside, I had an increasingly difficult time turning the paw inside and right side out again, requiring some parts to be stitched together from the outside using a whip or ladder stitch. Thing is, sewing from the outside requires a fair bit of guesswork ,as all the guide marks are (duh) on the inside of the fabric. You can see above that the area between the palm and sleeve is bunchy where the sleeve got pulled a little too far to one side. You can also see the distinct lack or a dewclaw or palmar or carpal pad, which would also have been needed to sew on from the outside. At that point I was thinking I needed to try something else anyway.

And then, a brainstorm. Foam interfacing!! What would happen if I used interfacing to support the paws?  I haven't seen it used at all in fursuits, as it is mostly ironed on and fake fur melts. But, could I use the sew in kind? Lets see!

First, printing and cutting out the patterns. Part of me can't believe I haven't posted pics of these before, as they've been the total focus of my studio work for months.  

Here I've attached the patterns to 1/4" plain foam interfacing with temporary spray on glue and traced around them. I could do this without the glue but I find the patterns shift around a lot that way, and frustrate the hell out of me.

Cutting out the foam pieces and removing the patterns.

Attaching the foam pieces to the fur using temporary spray, being careful to align the direction of the fur on the fabric with the direction of the fur indicated on the pattern pieces.

Cutting out the pieces again. I left a tiny 1/16" lip of fabric hanging over the foam, as this will help insure when I sew everything together I'll catch both layers with the needle.

A view of the tiny lip of fabric  sticking out from the layers of foam.

The inside view of a couple of stitched up toes.

​And tadaaa....

Wrinkles dammit.  I wound up using some thicker foam to form the tendons but didn't line it up quite right, so, wrinkles. I have ideas to make it better next time.  However, the sleeve looks much nicer and the dew claw was not just relatively easy to sew on but looks fantastic.

Another view. The fingers mostly look nice and smooth, though I don't know why there's a weird dent in the inside finger in the left hand picture.  I suspect it's a sewing mistake. Something to figure out. 

I have to say though that the underside of the paw looks fantastic. I'm thrilled. 

​I might have an idea for future improvements... Onwards!

Attempt one.  I came up with this version by enlarging and tracing top, bottom, and side views of an illustration of a paw onto a large piece of paper, cutting the tracings out, then transferring them onto foam. I then cut out the foam pieces and glued them together to make this paw. I never taped it up and made a pattern from it, as at this time I couldn't figure out how I'd pattern  the area in between the toes. I did come back to this technique later on.

​Let's call the above Attempt 2a. This paw was made from the pattern I got from sculpting a foot out of clay, taping it up, and enlarging the tape pattern to the correct size. (more here: http://www.sanssoucistudios.com/blog/onto-bigger-things) I believed I might better understand how to pattern in between the toes if I did this.

I'm looking at that seam across the knuckles, running higglety pigglety every which way, and wondering what the hell was I thinking?? Maybe that it might suggest different ways to approach that area, and to try them out on different parts of the paw? But it sure is a screaming mess.

This one we'll call Attempt 2b, an attempt at neatening up the seams from 2a. The seams across the knuckles are  ugly but at least they're consistent. This is also the only pattern where I ran a seam down the center of the underside of each toe. Future attempts would move the seams into a less visible spot along the sides of the toes. (I'm not sure I should letting these pictures see the light of day...)

From this point forward I was building paws out of foam and making patterns from them. The above, my first such attempt. Reconstructing my thought process here,  I made the fingers like tubes and the toebeans like plugs in the ends, as I could imagine how I'd tape up such an arrangement. You can also see how I changed the seams on the fingers from one central seam underneath to two more or less parallel seams on the top, where they blend in better with the overall design.  More here: http://www.sanssoucistudios.com/blog/feet-of-foam  

Here I played more (a lot more!) with building up detail in the foam. The finger tubes are still under there, but they have carved  knuckles and joints glued on top of them. I also gave the tubes a bit of a downward bend by cutting out notches on the undersides and gluing the edges together.

Above, mockup from first attempt at a pattern from this foam. We'll call this 4a. 

And, a second attempt from this foam paw and pattern. We'll call this 4b.

​The big difference between 4a and 4b is that 4b has more refined seamlines between the toes and the top and bottom of the hand (compare the green lines).  4b also has shorter toes. In other words, it looks slightly more like a dog's foot and and less like a gecko's. For more:  http://www.sanssoucistudios.com/blog/pause-for-paws  

Above, the final (ish) foam paw build. I revisited what I did in Attempt One, which is,  I enlarged top, bottom, and side views of an illustration of a paw onto a large piece of paper, traced and cut them out, transferred them onto foam, and then glued them all together. At this point I've also traded in the idea of cylindrical tubes for fingers for that of narrow rectangular boxes, hoping that this would allow the fingers to lie closer together, with less of a splayed appearance. I also did a lot less carving on this paw to keep the angles and edges as sharp and clear as possible.  

Here is the first attempt at a pattern from the above foot, which I shall dub 5a. This is also my is first attempt at translating the tendons into actual fabric. The toebean pattern has also been refined. More here:  http://www.sanssoucistudios.com/blog/getting-out-of-hand 

And, 5b. At some point I must have swapped out the toebeans on this foam paw, as they're noticeably larger here than the ones on 5a.

I made several versions of the pattern, switching from tape to fabric and adhesive spray to be better able to get into all the little nooks and crannies. I also cut apart the resulting paws several times, tweaked them, and used those for patterns for further attempts as well. For more:.  ​http://www.sanssoucistudios.com/blog/frankensteining

Which is what these poor things are, cut apart and tweaked paw attempts that have served as patterns. I think there are three different attempts contained in these four bags. 

OK so let's tote it up!! 1a + 2a + 2b +3a +4a + 4b + 5a + 5b + 3 random extras and.... eleven paw attempts. That's a few!!

​Now to go and get some more work done in my (for the moment anyway) immaculately clean studio!

Ah, such high hopes. Previously I'd posted about my glorious latest paw draft, shown above taped up and ready for patterning. And also above, the paw I sewed up from that pattern. You can see the one does not look anywhere near as good the other. The sewn up paw looks short, chunky and blobby.

Well, at least the underside looks pretty good, though I think the wrist could use either some padding or other support.

I came to the conclusion there were two issues here, one with the fiberfill used for support and another with the duct tape used for patterning.  The duct tape often sticks to itself before it sticks to the model, so It's hard to get a pattern with any kind of fine detail. I had problems with the tape sticking to itself especially around the knuckles and tendons and in between the fingers.  This post will be about the solution to this problem with the tape.  Look for more about the issue with the fiberfill in my next post. 

​​I combined this newfound willingness to work directly from a paw with the rediscovery of an overlooked supply in my studio- temporary fabric adhesive- and invented a new patterning method, which I dubbed... Frankensteining! Scary!!!

Starting the edits to the paw for realz. Here, I've cut the top of the paw along the line between the knuckles and the first joint of the fingers. Easy to see how the knuckles grew larger and shifted forward from the original foam paw to the fabric paw. (The original knuckles are outlined in green, the shifted fabric knuckles outlined in white.)  It also appears that the knuckle and first joint of the pinky finger (here marked with a 4) merged completely. 

Reining in the oversized knuckles. I've pinched up the excess fabric with sewing clips, cut it off, and stitched it back together again with a blanket stitch, highlighted here in pink. 

(What are all the random thick black marks on the paw on the right hand side, you may ask? These are where I'm anticipating cutting the revised paw apart to make the new pattern.)

Tightening up the toes. Again, I pinched up the extra fabric, trimmed it off, and sewed the new edges together.  I've highlighted those seams in pink. I like how this process made the finger joints more clearly defined.

​Now it's time for the temporary fabric adhesive! I sprayed some adhesive onto scraps of felt to make patches of sorts. I laid these patches over any gaps in the fabric on the paws, tucking the edges of the patches under the preexisting fabric. Then I traced along the edges of the fabric onto the patches with a Sharpie, cut off the excess, and stitched the patch onto the paw using a blanket stitch.  

Above, showing the before and after of this process. There are gaps in the fabric  between the knuckles and the first joint on the first, third, and fourth fingers. These gaps are outlined in pink in the picture on the left, and the finished patches outlined in the same manner on the right. 

This next change was a critical one, though it's hard to see in photographs. The duck tape was too sticky to allow it to be positioned as far back between the fingers as it needed to be, which totally threw off the relative proportions of the fingers and the back of the hand in the resulting pattern. In other words, the back of the hand turned out too long and the fingers turned out too short and stumpy when I stitched them up!!  You can see how much further back into the back of the paw the fingers join now.  

Here's another visual to help illustrate the problem with the fingers attaching to each other in the incorrect spot. The photo on the left hand side shows the fingers joined correctly and in the proper proportions to the back of the hand. The photo on the left shows the fingers joined incorrectly and too short in proportions to the back of the hand.   

Imagine also, how the two different paws would move. The one on the left could wiggle its fingers more easily, and spread them more widely than the one on the right.

All edits made! Now, disassembling... cutting the Frankensteined paw into pieces in order to make the new, refined pattern.

The various pieces need to be cut in a way that they'll lie flat in order to make a proper pattern.  Here I've made the knuckles lie flat by cutting them into some pretty groovy shapes. Then I've traced this piece onto paper. I am planning to scan the traced patterns for all the handpaw pieces into the computer, make them pretty with GIMP, and make the whole thing available as a download.  

You can see the palmar pad and dew claw still attached to this piece. I am happy with the patterns I have for these parts already, and since whether or not they're there doesn't effect whether or not this piece lies flat, I've left them there.

And here we have the official Before And After! The original blobby paw on the left, and the edited, refined paw on the right. I'm very happy with this progress. 

Really and truly. Here I am mugging with the new foam paw I made, all taped up and ready for patternmaking.

I get so excited about whichever phase of my paw I'm working on that I can't wait to make some more and then I think, you know what would make it *really* great?? And off I go again. I was so pleased I got a reasonable interpretation of tendons with the previous draft, and then I thought, the paw would be even better if the fingers lay closer together, tamping down a little more firmly on that inclination they have to spread out and morph into bird's or lizard's toes or something. 

Here is this newest foam paw, prior to taping. 

Here we have the previous foam paw compared to this newest paw. One big difference between them was my focus on getting the big, overall shapes of the new foot correct and worrying less about smaller details, such as carefully rounding all the edges and making sure the angles between the first and second joints of the toes were correct. Another big difference is the basic shape of the fingers. The fingers of the new foot are more or less elongated rectangles made from foam, rather like boxes, so they can lay fairly flush up against each other. Fingers from previous drafts were tubes, sheets of foam rolled up and the edges glued together. The curve of the tubes tended to push the fingers away from each other and make them spread out more.  
​
I'm excited to sew up a felt version of this foot, stay tuned!!

Above, photos comparing draft #5 (left side, with the red toebeans, featured in this previous blog post) and this newest draft (right side, pink toebeans.) 

(It took me a bit to get photos of the paws, I got interrupted a lot...)

Backing up a bit. To make this new draft I needed to make a pattern for the tendons and devise support for them inside the paw, so they would hold their shape.

Here, making new pattern pieces by retaping the foam model (shown here in this earlier blog post)  to include the tendons that I had left out previous drafts. The photo on the countertop shows the tape from the back of the hand before it was cut apart, as well as reworked patterns for the adjacent finger joints. The picture on the cutting board shows the tape after being cut apart and flattened, thus becoming the official pattern for the tendons that can be traced onto fabric and cut out. 

Here, building up the tendons in the inside of the freshly sewn paw, along with structure for toebeans, knuckles and the first joints of the fingers. I also wanted to improve upon draft #5 by making it a little, well, less lumpy and I thought foam cut to fit the paw might do this better than the simple polyfil stuffing I'd been using.  I derived these foam parts by pulling apart the foam hand from which I'd made this pattern (shown in this blog post,) tracing and cutting out the appropriate pieces from foam and gluing them into the inside of the new hand. I could have probably just pulled the original hand apart and glued that in there instead, but I wanted to keep it for future reference. You can see this poor disassembled hand in these photos, in little plastic baggies labelled with which parts they were.

Shown here is the support for the palm and back of the hand, which wraps around the middle of the paw. The cut end you see in this photo will ultimately be glued to the other end (not visible in this picture) to make something of a tube, which will fit around the wearer's hand.

I built up the parts of the paw in layers, working from the outer to the inner. The tendons, knuckles and palmar pad are under this big foam support now, but will be on top of it when the paw is turned right side out. I turned this paw inside out *a lot* which is one reason why it looks so pilled and tatty in these photos. That and because it is made of cheap felt. As you have seen I make a lot of these drafts, so no point in using good fabric just yet!

And here's Ezzy, watching the whole process and providing moral support. As well as modelling a very fine pair of paws. During my long day job induced absence from blogging, I've taken lots of cat pictures. Brace yourself...

 As you recall from our last thrilling and chilling adventure! (Trixie can't stand the suspense.) I made a pattern from a clay paw I sculpted, enlarged the pattern with the aid of a projector and sewed together a draft of a handpaw, using the method furry how-to goddess Matrices describes in this tutorial. I promptly discovered that little irregularities become very big and nasty irregularities when they're enlarged like this and wound up with a rather lumpy and misshapen handpaw.  In this episode, how to fix?

One thing I did was play with the pattern on a lightbox, tracing and retracing the pieces to make them more even and symmetrical, and test the revised pattern out by building a foam handpaw. The advantages being that (other than that I could go down a rabbit hole trying something I hadn't done before) if parts didn't work I could rip them off and try different parts, I could be sure all the revised parts would fit together, and I could also retape the foam handpaw for new patterns if necessary.

Left, one of my earlier attempts at a foam foot. You can see the toes are all different lengths, which was actually intentional. Real dog toes are like this. The two outside toes, the ones corresponding to our pointers and pinkies (the pointer being the one next to the thumb/dewclaw), are usually depicted as being the same length, but the "pointer" is actually a little bit longer. Ditto the two inside toes, with "middle" toe being the longer of the pair.   There's not a big difference though, and for the sake of simplicity I decided I'd make the two inner and two outer toes the same length. Right, the foam pattern with the revised toes.

In addition to playing with the pattern on the lightbox, I also did some revising by building some new parts directly on the foam handpaw. Above, the underside of the paw, with foam "toebeans" added, from which to make fresh, even, symmetrical toebean patterns. Carving the toebeans out of foam and pinning them into the ends of the toes was simpler than trying to revise the enlarger toebean patterns with all their accompanying darts. 

Next, taping the toebeans to make the revised toebean patterns. I only taped one inner toebean and one outer toebean, and then flipped the resulting patterns for the other two toebeans. Kitty provides close supervision.

Similarly, I revised the palmar pad by building it directly on the foam handpaw. Above, sketching out the shape of  this pad on top of the pattern for the palm.

Taping up the palmar pad. I wound up cutting the tape pattern apart and re-taping it together a couple times to  to get a pattern with seams I like.

Some finished patterns. Toebeans, left, and plantar pad, right. 

Above, a draft sewn out of felt for this new revised pattern, in contrasting colors to make it easier to see how the beans and palmar pad work. I'm still not 100% sure I'm satisfied with the palmar pad and will probably re-tape the pattern and cut it apart again to get different seam lines.

 Another  view of this draft. The tops of the middle two fingers did not align with the back of the hand properly and left gaps (shown above as green lines.) I hadn't been careful enough to make hashmarks to show how the pattern pieces would line up together after they were cut apart. A total noob mistake.

Back to the drawing board. I retaped and repatterned the foam foot, this time being more careful with the hash marks. (You'll notice that the foam foot is getting more and more yellow. Fun fact! That's not the lighting, the foam will change color like this if it's exposed to light.)  

Above, the foot with the gaps on the left, and the foot made from the corrected pattern on the right. Getting there. The foot seems to be getting bigger and bigger with each iteration, probably from adding a pencil line's width every time I retrace a pattern. Next issue to address, shrinking down the pattern a little, which will hopefully just involve scanning it into the computer and reducing it a little in GIMP. After that, adding dew claws, carpal pads, and claws. Fingers crossed!!

I continue on my quest to make a handpaw pattern using Matrices' tutorial, in which a small clay model is made, a pattern is taken from the model, and the pattern is enlarged to the proper size with an overhead projector.  I have fantasies of selling said pattern as a download, and maybe any actual handpaws too. Above, my fifth and final attempt to sculpt said model. Now, to take a pattern from the model and enlarge it.

Here we have the paw partially taped up, using white Duck tape over a layer of plastic wrap. I've sketched in lines where I think the seams will be, and registration marks (those little hash mark things) to help line the pattern up again once it's disassembled. I forgot to take pics before I started cutting the pattern off, so there's pieces missing between the middle toes here.

Here, the underside of the foot, again showing potential seam lines and registration marks. 

The pattern cut off the foot, lots of little pieces everywhere, don't sneeze! Then laid out and taped down on a piece of construction paper, to help keep them from slipping and sliding all over the place under the projector lid. 

And my very high tech projector setup in the basement, a piece of paper taped onto the washing machine for tracing out the enlarged pattern. (My daughter says the projector is the most analog thing she's ever seen in her life.)  I rolled the projector back and forth on its little wheely cart until I got the pattern to what looked like a good size, comparing it other patterns such as Matrices' and Freakhound's to get it in the ballpark.

The enlarged pattern, cut out and ready to go.

And, a first paw mockup using the pattern and cheap material. It does kinda sorta look like a paw, but I'm not happy with it. Next, revisions! 

Above, trying to fit a silicone cast of this straight lip on my mask. You can see how it gaps underneath, between the lower edge of the lip and the jaw. No good.

Above, trying to glue the new lip on. I think that pile of clamps might be trying to tell me something.... 

Making a pattern for a more fitted lip. The green thing above is Frog Tape stuck to aluminum foil. I pressed a piece around the lower jaw, sketched the shape of the lip on it, and cut it out. I then made it symmetrical by folding it in half in the middle and trimming it so the two sides would match. Then I tried out the new shape back on the head (above), trimming and fiddling until I was happy with it.

Here I've built the lip up in Monster Clay. It's built right on top of the pattern thingy, stuck on around the edges with a little more Monster Clay, so I can fairly easily remove and reapply the lip to the mask or adjustments as needed. 

Above, the two clay lips next to each other for comparison. The new lip is on the bottom. Very different shapes. 

Gluing silicone casts of the new lip in place. Not so many clamps needed this time! (The rubber bands here are actually serving as clamps here too.) I tried using Weldbond instead of hot glue, as Weldbond is theoretically stronger and doesn't leave those lumpy ridges when it dries. Weldbond takes about 24 hours to fully cure, hence the clamps. It did a good job, but I'm not sure it does enough of a better job to justify the long wait time. 

And, the new lips freshly installed. Wheee!!

Above, two straps made by cutting webbing (not elastic, we don't want these guys to stretch!) to about 12” lengths, feeding them through the two front clips, folding them in half and gluing the halves to one another.   No glue on the clips, they need to be able to rotate on the straps. The suspension will be (well) suspended from these straps inside the head, allowing it to move and conform to the wearer's head.

​Now, to make the "slots". The short story is, these two new straps will be glued between two layers of foam inside the head. I imagine the straps could also be riveted inside, or perhaps just glued to the bare resin, but foam sticks really hard to the scored-up inside of a head with hot glue, and the straps stick really hard to the foam so… Plus the foam provides a much larger gluing surface and therefore more security, in my mind anyway.

​

Above, the first layer of foam, visible underneath the browband, has been glued into the head. Then, the the correct placement for the suspension is found, with the browband going across the forehead just above the eyes. The clamps are only temporarily holding the suspension in the correct place, the browband will not actually be fixed to the mask like this but will be able to move inside the head somewhat.  

Next, the two new straps are glued on the foam directly underneath the two preexisting straps with which they share clips. I glue the straps all the way from the front of the mask to the back, where I  trim off any extra. The more gluing surface the  better.  Again, no glue on the clips! 

I start working the top layer of foam before the suspension is glued in, and finish it afterwards.  Above, making a pattern for this part using standard duck tape patterning procedures. I often use aluminum foil under the duck tape in place of the more standard plastic wrap as it is easier to handle, especially in a concave shape like this. 

Next, cutting the slots for the clips into the pattern. Cut a little bit, try sliding the pattern over the clips, cut a little more, slowly but surely. Worse comes to worst the slots can be taped over and started over again.

Above, the finished pattern for the top layer of foam. 

 

Above, the second foam piece has been cut out, laid into the head over the freshly glued pair of straps, and held in place with Wonder Clips. Working from one end to the other I'll unclip one Wonder Clip, smear hot glue around underneath the foam, and press it down until it cools. I work my way systematically across the head, unclipping each Wonder Clip in turn, putting glue under the foam, and moving on. The Wonder Clips keep the foam in the exact correct position while it's being glued. I'll cover the entire underside of the foam with glue, paying special attention to the openings for the clips. Lots and lots of glue, but again, none on the clips!!

Trying it out. I'm pleased with how it works.

Above, the suspension in the finished head. From these pictures you can get an idea of how it "floats" inside the head. It also makes the mask nice to take off and on, as once the back strap is adjusted to the wearer it's a lot like putting on a baseball cap. No straps to fasten and unfasten. 

I hope that this has been helpful to you. If you have any questions please feel free to ask! Thanks for looking!

​

Next, hitting the Interwebs for all the tailmaking tutorials I could find.  Kloofsuits' was one of my favorites (view here). Switch Cosplay's was another (view here). The biggest difference I found between these two was the their methods for making the belt loops, Kloofsuits' below left and Switch Cosplay's below right. (That's my very helpful hubby holding the tails up and mugging it up for the camera.) I ultimately decided on Switch Cosplay's method, as the loops were less visible when the tail was worn by itself on a belt. Kloofsuits' method is less fiddly and probably stronger, but I suspect it's meant for tails to be worn through a hole in a fullsuit, where the loops would not be visible anyway. 

I also did a lot of experimenting with the same pattern using different numbers of pieces, placements of seams, and direction of fur, the sketch above showing the different variations I tried. The one on the far left represents a tail made of two halves sewn together front and back. The advantage is obvious- super simple to make. The second one from the left is made of four pieces and has a seam going down either side as well. This helps give the tail a fuller, rounder look. The third pattern is made of eight pieces and is good for a tail with a black or white tip, and would also allow the fur to follow the tip's curve more closely. The last one is made of twelve pieces and can be used for a tail with a different colored underside, and allows the fur at the top to follow that curve more closely. I made all of these tails out of my solid, "cheap" white fur to be able to see any difference most clearly, and while I did like the way the fourth variation came out the best, I'm not sure I liked it that much better to justify the extra time it took. We will see. One thing I DID like about the fourth variation is that I could cut it out of my fabric with much less waste, since it was easier to fit the smaller pattern pieces on odds and ends I had on hand.

Here I am, experimenting on kids again. (They are expressing their sentiments on the matter, though that is harder to do with four fingered handpaws). Both these tails are made from the same pattern,  but the one on my long haired daughter is the two piece variation, and the other on her BFF is the four piece one, with a seam running down the sides as well as the front and back. The thing that struck me most about these tails however was the way they seemed to come out of the kids' back at right angles, which made them look more like horse tails than wolf tails. Back to the drawing board.

Above, tail pattern, take two.  While I like this one better I still think it comes out of the back at too sharp of an angle. As I often do, I printed out the photo and sketched ideas for changes on it, and used that for a reference for the third pattern.

 Above, showing tails I made from the three patterns I did side by side, the one on the right being one being the one I ultimately wound up using. You can see the different angles at which they come out of the  back. The one on the left is the four piece variation, the other two are the most complicated twelve piece one.

And TA DA!!! A finished tail, made out of "good" fur, intended to be part of a partial! This is the variation made with twelve pieces, with my third pattern above. Can't wait to start the head. Whee!!!!